Schedule Tribe zawng zawng Indigenous Peoples an nilo

C. Lalremruata 

Zo Indigenous Forum

 

Tunhnaia Chakma te Indigenous Peoples an nih leh nihloh chungchangah inhnialna tam tak a lo chhuak ta a, hetiang hian han sawi dawn ta ila.

UNO a ni emaw , UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNPFII) emaw UN agencies hrim hrim hian tu hnam mah hi indigenous peoples-ah ala puang ngailo hrim hrim a,  amaherawhchu kum 1986, the United Nations’ Working Group on Indigenous Populations chuan an hnathawh awlsam nan working definition tihian a siam a :

"Indigenous communities, peoples and nations are those which, having a historical continuity with pre- invasion and pre -colonial societies that developed on their territories, consider themselves distinct from other sectors of the societies now prevailing in those territories, or parts of them. They form at present non- dominant sectors of society and are determined to preserve, develop and transmit to future generations their ancestral territories, and their ethnic identity; as the basis of their continued existence as peoples, in accordance with their own cultural patterns, social institutions and legal systems".

United Nations Development Project (UNDP) chuan indigenous peoples te criteria pali hetiang hian a siam a

(a) indigenous peoples usually live within (or maintain attachments to) geographically distinct ancestral territories

(b) they tend to maintain distinct social, economic, and political institutions within their territories

(c) they typically aspire to remain distinct culturally, geographically and institutionally rather than assimilate fully into national society; and

(d) they self-identify as indigenous or tribal

World Bank pawhin “ Operational Manual of the World Bank in ‘OP 4.10 - Indigenous Peoples’ of July 2005-a a siamah chuan Indigenous peoples tiha a rawn hmang ve a, hetiangin:

‘indigenous peoples…in a generic sense to refer to a distinct, vulnerable, social and cultural groups’ self identifying their membership and recognized by others, having collective attachment to their distinct habitats or ancestral territories and to its natural resources, and possessing institutions different from other dominant sections and their own language. Recognises them as a group that has lost ‘collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories in the project area’ because of forced severance remains eligible for coverage under this policy.’

           

Asia Development Bank chuan Indigenous Peoples nihna (character) tiang hian an ziak bawk a:

 (i)        descent from population groups present in a given area before modern states or territories were created, and

(ii)        maintenance of cultural and social identities separate from mainstream or dominant societies or cultures.

Additional characteristics include: (i) self-identification and identification by others as being part of a distinct indigenous cultural group, and the display of the desire to preserve their cultural identity; (ii) a linguistic identity different from that of the mainstream or dominant society; (iii) social, economic, and political traditions and institutions distinct from the mainstream society; (iv) an economic system oriented more toward a traditional system of production than toward the mainstream production system; and/or (v) a unique tie with and attachment to traditional habitat and ancestral territory and its natural resources.’

Nimahsela sawi tak angin khawvela zawng zawng-a Ram leilung fate huap a hrilfiahna siam tur chuan thil har tak a nih dawn avangin UN emaw a hnuaia pawl (agencies) engmah in Indigenous peoples official-a hrilfiahna an siam ta lo a, amaherawh chung mite hriatfiah theihna atan kaihhruaina (factsheet hmangin) hetiang hian an siam ta a.

• Mimal emaw a huhoa hnam anga mahni inpuanchhuahna (Self- identification as indigenous peoples at the individual level and accepted by the community as their member)
• Awpbettu te awm hma atang tawha hnam chanchin(history) lo nei tawh (Historical continuity with pre-colonial  and/or pre-settler societies)
• An chenna leilung leh a chhehvel thil te nen inkungkaihna thuktak nei (Strong link to territories and surrounding natural resources)
• Mahni hnam bila khawtlang nunphung, eizawnna leh inawpna mumal tak nei (Distinct social, economic or political systems)
• Mahni-a tawng, hnam nunzia leh rindan hrang nei (Distinct language, culture and beliefs)
• Hnam te zawk leh hnuaihnung zawk (Form non-dominant groups of society)
• Thalhtu te aranga an nunphung leh zia danglam bik vawngnung leh kengkawh thei (Resolve to maintain and reproduce their ancestral environments and systems as distinctive peoples and communities)

te hi Indigenous Peoples (Ram leilung fate) te nihna tiin kaihhruaina a rawn siamchhuak ta a ni.

Tunhnaiah The Supreme Court of India judgement  5 January 2011 Special Leave Petition (Crl) No. 10367 of 2010) (Kailas & Others .. Appellant (s) -versus- State of Maharashtra) ah chuan "Scheduled Tribes are indigenous peoples of India" ani a tih hi a diklo a, he SC rulling

ah hian Indigenous thumal vawikhat chiah a lang a “18. It is stated in the Article ‘World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – India: Advasis’, that in Maharashtra Bhils were mercilessly persecuted in the 17th century” khilaiah chiah khian Indigenous peoples tih thumal hi a awm a , chuvangin Supreme Court rullingah ST te IPs an ni tih hi a diklo.

Tin, Schedule Tribe apiang hi Indigenous Peooples an nilova Indigenous peoples apiang scheule tribe an nilo tih kan hriat chian a ngai a, Schedule Tribe hi "Administrative Terms" inawpna awlsam zawk nan hman a ni tih kan hriatchian viau a tulin ka hria. ST hi administrative terms anih miau avangin  n han hrilhfiah danw thin a Art  366. (25) "Scheduled Tribes" means such tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under article 342 to be Scheduled Tribes for the purposes of this Constitution; hrilfiah hleithei chuanglovin article 342 a mite a rawn ti ta a , engtin nge article 342 ah chuan a tih “ The President may with respect to any State or Union Territory, and where it is a State, after consultation with the Governor thereof, by public notification, specify the tribes, or tribal communities or parts of or groups within tribes or tribal communities which shall for the purposes of this Constitution be deemed to be Scheduled Tribes in relation to that State or Union Territory, as the case may be. 2. Parliament may by law include in or exclude from the list of Scheduled Tribes specified in a notification issued under clause (2) any tribe or tribal community or part of or group within any tribe or tribal community, but save as aforesaid a notification issued under the said clause shall not be varied by any subsequent notification.

Hetiang teh nuaih a nih avang hian ST enkawltu department ber pawhin a hrilhfiah na a neihloavanghin hetiang hian ST tur chuan characteristics a siam ta a ni.

(i) primitive traits;

(ii) distinctive culture;

(iii) geographical isolation;

(iv) shyness of contact with the community at large; and

(v) backwardness.

read @ http://tribal.gov.in/Content/IntroductionScheduledTribes.aspx

Chuvang chuan a chunga Supreme Court rulling khi sawi fo loh tur a ni a, India rama Schedule Tribe zawng zawng hi Indigenous Peoples/tribe an nilo a, Indigenous Peoples zawng zawng pawh Schedule Tribe an ni kherlo tih hriat a tha.