Fundamental Rights

Mimal dikna chanvo leh mawhphurhna hi India ram inrelbawlna dan leh hrai ten an tinzawn ber a ni a, a bul thum ‘Fundamental Rights’ leh Fundamental Duties’ te lo sawi ila; Fundamental Rights (Art 12-35): Danpui part III ah hian kan dikna chanvo a lolang a:
 

1. RIGHT TO EQUALITY:

Art 14: Dan hma ah mitin kan in tluktlang a, tin mi dinhmun inangte chu angkhata cheibawl tur a ni.

Art 15: India khua leh tui te chu sakhuana, chi, hnam , mipa leh hmeichhia nihna leh pian leh mur na vanga inenhranna leh inthleihranna reng reng chu khap tlat a ni.

Art 16: Engchhan leh vang mahin India khua leh tui tawh phawt chu sorkar hna luhna thu ah thleihranna/thleibikna awm tur a ni lo.

Amaherawh chu Parliament in State bilten an mi leh sa te tan an ram chhung hna hauhsakna dan a siam thei a, hnam hnu fual bikte tana an dam khawchhuahna tur duhsakna a dal lo.

Art 17: Chi tha leh chhia intawhthianlohna (Untouchability) hi khap a ni a. ‘The Untouchability (Offence) Act 1950 ang dan in hrem theih a ni.

Art 18: i) Sipai chawimawina emaw zirthiamna tih loh chungnung bikna nihna hi khap a ni.

ii) Ramdang atanga nihna bik pekte hi khua leh tuiten pawm loh tur a ni.

iii) India sokar hnuaia thawk ramdang mi ten President phalna lo chuan hetiang nihna bik hi an dawng tur a ni lo.

iv) India sorkar hnuai a thawk reng rengin ram dang sorkar atangin emaw duhsakna, lawmman leh pisa hnathawh dang engmah President phalna lovin an chelhin an pawm tur a ni lo.

2. RIGHT TO FREEDOM:

Art 19: Khua leh tui tin ten hengah te hian zalenna an nei:-

• Duh ang zawng zawng sawi theihna
• Ralthuam tellova boruak muanawntak hnuaia punkhawm theihna
• Pawl (Association/Union) din theihna
• India ram chhung khawiah pawh zalen taka vei vah theihna
• India ram chhnug khawi hmunah pawh inbenbel leh khawsak/chen theihna
• Eng hna leh sum dawnna pawh vawn/hman theihna

Note: 

 i) Duh duh sawitheihna tih hian IPC Sec 499 –502 a mi ang chite in midang tih hmingchhiat theihna lam huang emaw a dai tur a ni lo. Ram inpumkhatna leh khawtlang nun ti chhe thei zawng chanchin bu chuah pawh khap ani

ii) Punkhawm theihna tih hian boruak muanawm tikhailak zawng anih chuan Sec 144 IPC leh Sec 127 CrPC te a khapna leh umdarh theihna a la awm.

iii) Pawl din chungchangah hian India inpumkhatna ti chhe thei a huam lo.

iv) Veivah theihna tih hian Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation Act 1873 (Inner Line Regulation) te, The Assam Land and Revenue Regulation 1886 etc a huam lo.

Art 20: 1) A thil tihsual laia Dan mil chauhvin mi chung thu rel tur a ni

2) Mi tumah tihsual pakhat chungthu ah hremnawn leh thubuai siam nawn sak theih ani lo

3) Thil sual ti a puh chu a in tawngawhtir phal loh a ni (Indian Evidence Act 1872, Sec 24 & 25 leh Sec 164 CrPC te hi dan dinglai a ni).

Art 21:Dan hnuaia phalna ang chauhlo chuan mi tumah an mimal zalenna leh nun khawchhuah na laksak theih a ni lo.

Notes: i) mirethei sorkar in ukil a rawih sakte

ii) Lungin tangte mihring pangngai anga cheibawlte

iii) Chhawmdawlna in a naupang leh hmeichhe enkawlte, mihring nunphung pangngai ang thlap a cheibawlte

iv) Dan rorelna awlsam leh rang taka thu tlukna siam

v) Nunrawng leh hleiluaka inhrem khapnate

vi) Bonded Labour (Abolition) Act, 1976 hmanga sal leh chhiahhlawhte zalentir

vii) Mi dikna chanvo tihchhiatsaka zangna dawmna pekte

viii) Mipui rorelna rama sorkar inrelbawl dan mipui ten an hriat kilh kelh theihna chanvo te a huam a ni.

86^th Amendment Act angin he Article 21’A’ ah hian naupang kum 14 hnuailam athlawn leh ngei ngeia lekha zirtirna chanvo belh a ni.

Art 22: 1) Mi man chu man a nih chhan hrilh vat a, a ukil/danhremi duh an rawntir theihna chanvo

2) Darkar 24 aia rei Magistrate phalna chauh lo chuan mi hren phal a ni lo, darkar 24 tih hian Magistrate lam pana an hun hman chhiartel a ni lo.

 

3. RIGTH AGAINST EXPLOITATION:

Art 23: 1) Mihring hi bungrua leh hmanrua ang lek a sualna hman rua a hman khap a ni. Chutah chuan ; Suppression of Immoral Traffic in Women and Girls Act 1956 te, The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act 1976 etc hman a ni.

2) Sakhuana, chi, hnam leh dinhmunte thliar lovin vantlang thatna tur chuan sorkarin mipui tha a phut thei thung

Art 24: Kum 14 hnuai lam chu thil siam na hmun leh thil laichhuahn hmunahte, hnathawhrim tawng lutukna hmunah te chhawr khap a ni, Indian Factories Act 1948 leh Mines Act 1952,Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 1986 te hian an ti hlawhtling.

4. RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION:

Art 25: Hetah hian rilru leh thlarau nun hriselna atana duh ang zawng zawng sakhua rin , pawm leh tlangaupui theihna chanvo mitinin an nei a, amaherawh chu vantlang nunphung leh midangte chanvo tih khaihlak leh ti hmelhem zawng erawh chu a huam lo.

Art 26: Sakhaw tinin biakin leh chhawmdawlna in an dinin an enkawl thei a, an sakhaw inrel bawl dan pawh an kut liau liau a ni a, sum leh pai leh hmunlo ram pawh dan anga an enkawl phalsak ani.

Art 27: Thawhlawm (fee) nilo chhiah (tax) ang hi eng sakhua emaw tan bika intukluih theih a ni lo.

Art 28: 1) Sorkar sikulah sakhaw zirtirna mamawh engmah lakluh phal a ni lo

2) sakhaw ziritirna mirethei chhawm dawlna engemaw pawl rawngkaiin a din a huam lo thung.

3) Sorkarin a recognized emaw tanpuina a pek zirna inah anmahni duhna tello in tumah tellui a chanvo la ve tura tih theih a ni lo. Zirlai kum tling lo a enkawltu in a phalsak a nih loh chuan.

Note: India ramzirnaah hian ‘Moral Education’ hi dah pawimawh ani hle a. National Policy on Education 1968,1986 & 1992 ah te chuan thlarau nun ram sawh nget thei zirtirna chu dah pawimawh a ni hle.

5. CULTURAL & EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS:

Art 29: 1) India ram ami tawh phawt tawng leh nunphung zeizia bil awm reng reng humhim/venhim tur a ni.

2) Sorkar din emaw tanpuina a pe zirna in ah sakhua, chi.hnamtawng emawvangin luh (Admission) khap theih a ni lo, India mi a nih phawt chuan

Art 30: 1) Hnam te nau, sakhua leh tawng bik neiten an duh angzirna in an din leh an enkawl phalsak a ni.

2) Sakhaw bil din, tawng leh hnam bil zirna ahte, sorkar tanpuina an pek thuah thleibikna leh en hranna an nei tur a ni lo.

6. RIGHT TO CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES:

Art 32: Fundamental Rights kan sawi tak te hi bawhchhiat a lo nih chuan Art 32 hmangin Supreme Court ah a leiko theih a, Art 266 na hmangin High Court ah a leiko theih bawk.

Dr. B.R Ambedkar chuan ‘India Danpui ah hian eng Article hi nge pawimawh I tih ber tiin min zawt sela , Art 32 ka ti ang’ a ti.

Note: 44^th Amendement Act 1978 na angin Art 20 & 21 hi Emergency lai pawha suspend theih a ni lova a dang zawng chu emergency lai chuan suspend theih a ni.

Fundamental Duties: Danpui Part IV a in ziakte chu:

1. India Danpui, a tum ram leh zirtirna te, hnam puanzar leh hnam hla te zah.
2. India zalenna kawng a chi tuh tu rilru in pekna thinlung zah leh ngaihsan
3. India ram mahni a ro in relna, tanrualna leh in unauna kenkawh leh venhim
4. kohna a awm a piang ram venhim leh ram rawngbawl tura hnathawk tura inpek/in hlan
5. Nunho leh inuanu na thinlung, sakhua, tawng leh chenna ram bial hrang hrang a mite ah tih chak, hmeichhe zahawmna bosaltirna tih bo.
6. India ram nunzia vawnhim leh hluzual tura cheibawl
7. Science ngaihtuahna tih than zel, mahni mihringpuite chunga thatnaleh thildik zawnchhuahna thinlung leh siamthatna tih hmasawn.
8. Vantlang bungrua vawnhim leh tharum thawh na malmak.
9. Mihringa ze chung nung ber lam thanlen zel leh thawhhona tha neih , chutichuan ram leh hnam hi hmasawnna leh tumna sang tak nen ke a pen chhuak thei ang.