Ram leilung fate leh hmasawnna
(Indigenous people and development)
C. Lalremruata
Mizo tawng chuan development hi hmasawnna tiin kan sawi mai a, hmasawnna chuan kawngpui siam, insak, leilung hausakna haichhuah leh thil dang tam tak a kawk thei ang. Hamsawnna chu alo thlenloh chuan kan tan damkhawchhuah ngaihna a awmlo a, chuting bawkin hamsawna lo dawnsamw dan leh chumi lama inzirtirna te, inrawn khawmna te a awmloh chuan keini leilung fate hi kan ram ma iang tih UNO chuan hlau hle a, chuvang chuan hmasawnna leh dikna chanvo chungchang hi United Nations pawhin kum 50 dawnlai alo buaipui tawh a, Hmasawnna hi mimal dikna leh chanvo zinga tel ve a nih avangin kum 1986 khan UN Declaration on the Right to Development alo duangchhuak ta a ni.
Free, Prior, Informed (FPIC): Sawi tawh angin ka mizo tawng thiamin a daihloh avangin a chian zawk beiseiin hnam dang tawngin ka dah ta mai a ni. Ram leilung fa (indigenous people) te anmahni nghawng theitu (hnathawh) thil reng rengah a nihna hrilhfiah a, zalen taka inrawn khawmna leh an dikna leh chanvo hmanga thutlukna an siam theihna hi hi Free, Prior, Informed Consent a ni ti ila a chiang thei mai awm e. Chung anmahni nghawngtheitu thilte chu chiang tak leh felfai taka a nghawng theih dan turte hrilh an nih hnuah anmahni duhthlanna leh remtihna in hmalak/hnathawh chauh tur a ni.
Eng vang in nge FPIC chu a pawimawh em em? Ram leilung fa (indigenous peoples) te chu heng hmasawnna chhawr ber tur an nih lain hmun tam takah a tuartu an ni zawk fo thin a, entirnan hmun hma siam (infrastructure), Oil laihchhuah, thing tuah lak leh thil laihchhuahna hmunah te hian society thenkhatte tan chuan hmasawnna anih rualin ram leilung fate laka a nghawg chu rapthlak tak a ni thin. An ram neih chhuhsak/laksak an ni a, an ramngaw neih te a chereu a, an tui lak leh lui tui te chu a tlemin intlak loh tam tak a awm phah a ni. Achang phei chuan zangnadawmna pe duhlovin leh an ei zawnna leh khawsak dan ngaihtuah pui lovin an thlah thlam tawp thin.
Chumi avang chuan UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples duangtu te hian hmasawnna hnathawhin ram leilung fate a nghawng thin zia hriain chang pawimawh tak leh hmun pawimawh tak an luah tir a. Article 27-ah chuan Ram leilung fa (indigenous people) te chu vau emaw tihthaihna emaw tihluihna hmangin an ram chhungah hmasawnna hna (project) engpawh sorkarin a thawk tur a nilo tiin a ziak a ni.
UN Declaration on the Right to Development chuan hmasawnna leh dikna chanvo (right to development) hi ram leilung fate dikna leh chanvo a ni tih a rawn tilang a, an eizawnna, khawtlang nun, hnam zia leh inrelbawlna ( social, economic and political) ti hmasawn thei tu thil a ni a, chung te chuan hmasawnna hna thawh rualin mimal dikna nuaibo lo zawngin International Covenants on Human Rights ngaihtuah chungin an ram leh leilung hausakna te pawh hman tur a ni tiin a ziak.
UNDRIP-ah engtingne a inziah: UNDRIP chuan Ram neitu kan nih vangin kan ram leh a chhunga thil awmah te neitu kan nihna hmun tam takah a ziak lang a, “Ram leilung fa (indigenous people) te hian an ram leh leilung chhungah thuneihna an nei a, an ramchhunga leilung hausakna pawh an mamawh angin an hmang tur a ni” Article 32(i)-ah minlo ziah sak kalh a ni.
Hmasawnna hnathawhin leilung fate a nghawng thin zia hrian Article 19-naah chuan “Hmasawnna hnathawhtur (project) te reng reng chu sorkarin ram leilung fa (indigenous people) te a hrilhfiah tur a ni a, an khawtlang leh khawsakna leh leilung (environment) a nghawng neihtur te zawng zawng te pawh chiangkuang takin a hrilhfiah tur a ni” tiin, chutiang bawkin an leilung hausakna te pawh ven puiin “Ram leilung fa (indigenous people) te chu an ram leh leilung hausakna hmanna kawngah rawn an niin thutlukna siamnaah an tel ve ngei tur a ni (Article 18); biakrawn dan tur pawh chiangkuang takin a ziak a, “Ram leilung fa (indigenous people) ten an aiawh an thlanchhuahte chu an khawsak phung leh an hnam nghawng thei tur thilah sorkarin a berawn tur a ni a, rorelna leh thutlukna siamna ah pawh an tel ve ngei tur a ni” {Article 32(ii)}-ah alo ziak bawk a ni.
Heng bakah hian hmasawnna kaihhnawih UNDRIP-a inziak te chu ; Article 3, Article 14, Article 15, Article 16, Article 20, Article 21, Article 23, Article 24, Article 29, Article 31, Article 32 ah te a inziak bawk a ni.
International mechanism dang te:
International Labour Organization Convention No.169 (Pro 169) hi Indigenous leh Tribal te chungchanga convention neih hmasak ber a ni a, India chuan he convention 169 hi ala pawmlo (ratified), he convention-ah hian hmasawnna hnathawhna tur chungchangah biakrawn an ni tur a ni tih te, an phalna lak te chungchang a ziak a ni.
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD):Article 8(j) chuan Sorkarin ram leilung fate thiamna leh an lo tih thin dan te, tun thlenga chhawmnun tlak leh midang te tan pawha tangkai thei te chu chu an vawnghim in an veng tha tur a ni a, heng thiamna te hi tipung turin theihtawp an chhuah tur a ni, chung thiamna neitu te chu an thiamna hriapuiin an khawtlang tan pawha hman tangkai a phalsak tur a ni tiin alo ziak bawk.
India sorkar pawhin dan a siam: India sorkar pawhin hmasawnna hna lian thawh dawn reng reng chuan a nghawng theih tur khua te hnenah inhrilh hriatna leh duhzawng sawi theihan a siam a, chu chu “Public Hearing” kan tih thin hi a ni, hmasawnna hna thawh dawn reng reng chuan hei hi tih makmawh ani a, neih anih loh chuan Environmental clearance pawh neih theih an nilo tiin The Environmental Impact Assessment Notification 2006 chuan chiang kuang takin ziak a ni.
Hemi kawngah hian mizo ten zirtur kan ngah hle, public hearing neih anih dawn reng rengin a ruahman chhinna (draft) copy kan pianpui tawng ngeiin hmuhtheih a ni ngei tur a ni a, kan hriat chianloh te pawng sawi mai lova thuneitu te leh a hria te zawh hreh loh fo tur a ni. Chubakh kan hriat duh te chu Public Hearing-ah hian sawichhuah theih a ni a, kan ngaihdan, zawhna leh rawtna te pawh thlen theih a ni a, a hnua sawisel lo turin a hunlai hian tel thin tur a ni. Kan ngaihdan an ngaithalo emaw kan duh khawplo erawh a nih chuan hma a thar a lak leh theih a ni. Heng hearing neih dawn a draft copy te hi Mizoram Pollution Control Board-ah en theih reng a ni thin.
Heng bakah hian dan pawimawh tak tak tlawhchhan tur tha tak tak kan neia , chung te chu :
- The Land Acquisition Act 1894
- Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act. 1938
- National Forest Policy 1952
- National Highways Act 1956
- Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972
- Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act (and subsequent amendments) 1974
- Forest (Conservation) Act. 1980
- Forest (Conservation) Rules 1981
- Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act (and subsequent amendments) 1981
- Environmental (Protection) Act 1986
- National Forest Policy (Revised) 1988
- Central Motor Vehicle Act 1988
- Central Motor Vehicle Rules 1989
- Public Hearing notification of MOEF of 10th April, 1997
- Biological Diversity Act 2000
- Noise (Regulation & Control) Rules 2000
- EIA notification, 14th September, 2006
Hmasawnna hmasawnlo: Hmasawnna hnathawh hi a hlawhtllinna chu a tluantling em, engtiangin nge mipui ten an chhawr tangkai a, hmasawn nan an hman tih te a ni dik awm e, nimahsela, mi thenkhat ten hmasawna nan an hman laia thenkhat in awpbeh leh chhiatpui nana an hman chuan hmasawnna tluang tling lo ni ang. Chuvang chuan hnathawh awmze nei leh tluantling ni tur chuan an ngawng tur ram leilung fate biakrawn a, an duh dan leh an himna leh hmasawnna tluangtling ngaihtuahpui hi hmasawnna dik a ni.
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